What does "passive solar design" aim to achieve?

Passive solar design aims to optimize natural sunlight for heating and lighting without additional energy consumption, which is essential for enhancing a building's energy efficiency. This concept utilizes architectural features and materials to harness solar energy effectively, allowing buildings to remain comfortable and well-lit by making the most of the sun’s natural heat and light.

This approach integrates design elements such as window placement, shading strategies, thermal mass, and insulation to regulate indoor temperatures and minimize the need for mechanical heating and lighting systems. By maximizing the benefits of natural sunlight, buildings can significantly reduce their reliance on external energy sources, presenting both environmental and economic advantages.

The other choices do not align with the principles of passive solar design, focusing instead on mechanical solutions, reduced ventilation, and increased energy consumption, which contradicts the goals of sustainability and energy efficiency inherent in passive solar strategies.